
2.4. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X

   MySQL for Mac OS X is available in a number of different forms:

     * Native Package Installer format, which uses the native Mac OS
       X installer to walk you through the installation of MySQL. For
       more information, see Section 2.4.2, "Installing MySQL on Mac
       OS X Using Native Packages." You can use the package installer
       with Mac OS X 10.3 and later, and the package is available for
       both PowerPC and Intel architectures, and 32-bit and 64-bit
       architectures. There is no Universal Binary available using
       the package installation method. The user you use to perform
       the installation must have administrator privileges.

     * Tar package format, which uses a file packaged using the Unix
       tar and gzip commands. To use this method, you will need to
       open a Terminal window. You do not need administrator
       privileges using this method, as you can install the MySQL
       server anywhere using this method. For more information on
       using this method, you can use the generic instructions for
       using a tarball, Section 2.2, "Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux
       Using Generic Binaries."You can use the package installer with
       Mac OS X 10.3 and later, and available for both PowerPC and
       Intel architectures, and both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
       A Universal Binary, incorporating both Power PC and Intel
       architectures and 32-bit and 64-bit binaries is available.
       In addition to the core installation, the Package Installer
       also includes Section 2.4.3, "Installing the MySQL Startup
       Item" and Section 2.4.4, "Installing and Using the MySQL
       Preference Pane," both of which simplify the management of
       your installation.

     * Mac OS X server includes a version of MySQL as standard. If
       you want to use a more recent version than that supplied with
       the Mac OS X server release, you can make use of the package
       or tar formats. For more information on using the MySQL
       bundled with Mac OS X, see Section 2.4.5, "Using the Bundled
       MySQL on Mac OS X Server."

   For additional information on using MySQL on Mac OS X, see Section
   2.4.1, "General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS X."

2.4.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS X

   You should keep the following issues and notes in mind:

     * The default location for the MySQL Unix socket is different on
       Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server depending on the installation
       type you chose. The following table shows the default
       locations by installation type.
       Table 2.12. MySQL Unix Socket Locations on Mac OS X by
       Installation Type

               Installation Type             Socket Location
       Package Installer from MySQL       /tmp/mysql.sock
       Tarball from MySQL                 /tmp/mysql.sock
       MySQL Bundled with Mac OS X Server /var/mysql/mysql.sock
       To prevent issues, you should either change the configuration
       of the socket used within your application (for example,
       changing php.ini), or you should configure the socket location
       using a MySQL configuration file and the socket option. For
       more information, see Section 5.1.3, "Server Command Options."

     * You may need (or want) to create a specific mysql user to own
       the MySQL directory and data. On Mac OS X 10.4 and lower you
       can do this by using the Netinfo Manager application, located
       within the Utilities folder within the Applications folder. On
       Mac OS X 10.5 and later you can do this through the Directory
       Utility. From Mac OS X 10.5 and later (including Mac OS X
       Server 10.5) the mysql should already exist. For use in single
       user mode, an entry for _mysql (note the underscore prefix)
       should already exist within the system /etc/passwd file.

     * Due to a bug in the Mac OS X package installer, you may see
       this error message in the destination disk selection dialog:
You cannot install this software on this disk. (null)
       If this error occurs, click the Go Back button once to return
       to the previous screen. Then click Continue to advance to the
       destination disk selection again, and you should be able to
       choose the destination disk correctly. We have reported this
       bug to Apple and it is investigating this problem.

     * If you get an "insecure startup item disabled" error when
       MySQL launches, use the following procedure. Adjust the
       pathnames appropriately for your system.

         1. Modify the mysql.script using this command (enter it on a
            single line):
shell> sudo /Applications/TextEdit.app/Contents/MacOS/TextEdit
  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

         2. Locate the option file that defines the basedir value and
            modify it to contain these lines:
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
            In the /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/ directory, make
            the following group ID changes from staff to wheel:
shell> sudo chgrp wheel MySQLCOM StartupParameters.plist

         3. Start the server from System Preferences or Terminal.app.

     * Because the MySQL package installer installs the MySQL
       contents into a version and platform specific directory, you
       can use this to upgrade and migrate your database between
       versions. You will need to either copy the data directory from
       the old version to the new version, or alternatively specify
       an alternative datadir value to set location of the data
       directory.

     * You might want to add aliases to your shell's resource file to
       make it easier to access commonly used programs such as mysql
       and mysqladmin from the command line. The syntax for bash is:
alias mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
alias mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
       For tcsh, use:
alias mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
alias mysqladmin /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
       Even better, add /usr/local/mysql/bin to your PATH environment
       variable. You can do this by modifying the appropriate startup
       file for your shell. For more information, see Section 4.2.1,
       "Invoking MySQL Programs."

     * After you have copied over the MySQL database files from the
       previous installation and have successfully started the new
       server, you should consider removing the old installation
       files to save disk space. Additionally, you should also remove
       older versions of the Package Receipt directories located in
       /Library/Receipts/mysql-VERSION.pkg.

2.4.2. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X Using Native Packages

   You can install MySQL on Mac OS X 10.3.x ("Panther") or newer
   using a Mac OS X binary package in DMG format instead of the
   binary tarball distribution. Please note that older versions of
   Mac OS X (for example, 10.1.x or 10.2.x) are not supported by this
   package.

   The package is located inside a disk image (.dmg) file that you
   first need to mount by double-clicking its icon in the Finder. It
   should then mount the image and display its contents.
   Note

   Before proceeding with the installation, be sure to stop all
   running MySQL server instances by using either the MySQL Manager
   Application (on Mac OS X Server) or mysqladmin shutdown on the
   command line.

   When installing from the package version, you should also install
   the MySQL Preference Pane, which will enable you to control the
   startup and execution of your MySQL server from System
   Preferences. For more information, see Section 2.4.4, "Installing
   and Using the MySQL Preference Pane."

   When installing using the package installer, the files are
   installed into a directory within /usr/local matching the name of
   the installation version and platform. For example, the installer
   file mysql-5.1.39-osx10.5-x86_64.pkg installs MySQL into
   /usr/local/mysql-5.1.39-osx10.5-x86_64 . The following table shows
   the layout of the installation directory.

   Table 2.13. MySQL Installation Layout on Mac OS X
   Directory Contents of Directory
   bin Client programs and the mysqld server
   data Log files, databases
   docs Manual in Info format
   include Include (header) files
   lib Libraries
   man Unix manual pages
   mysql-test MySQL test suite
   scripts mysql_install_db
   share Miscellaneous support files, including error messages,
   sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
   sql-bench Benchmarks
   support-files Scripts and sample configuration files
   /tmp/mysql.sock Location of the MySQL Unix socket

   During the package installer process, a symbolic link from
   /usr/local/mysql to the version/platform specific directory
   created during installation will be created automatically.

    1. Download and open the MySQL package installer, which is
       provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes the main MySQL
       installation package, the MySQLStartupItem.pkg installation
       package, and the MySQL.prefPane. Double-click the disk image
       to open it.

    2. Double-click the MySQL installer package. It will be named
       according to the version of MySQL you have downloaded. For
       example, if you have downloaded MySQL 5.1.39, double-click
       mysql-5.1.39-osx10.5-x86.pkg.

    3. You will be presented with the opening installer dialog. Click
       Continue to begin installation.
       MySQL Package Installer: Step 1

    4. A copy of the installation instructions and other important
       information relevant to this installation are displayed. Click
       Continue .

    5. If you have downloaded the community version of MySQL, you
       will be shown a copy of the relevant GNU General Public
       License. Click Continue .

    6. Select the drive you want to use to install the MySQL Startup
       Item. The drive must have a valid, bootable, Mac OS X
       operating system installed. Click Continue.
       MySQL Package Installer: Step 4

    7. You will be asked to confirm the details of the installation,
       including the space required for the installation. To change
       the drive on which the startup item is installed, click either
       Go Back or Change Install Location.... To install the startup
       item, click Install.

    8. Once the installation has been completed successfully, you
       will be shown an Install Succeeded message.

   For convenience, you may also want to install the startup item and
   preference pane. See Section 2.4.3, "Installing the MySQL Startup
   Item," and Section 2.4.4, "Installing and Using the MySQL
   Preference Pane."

2.4.3. Installing the MySQL Startup Item

   The MySQL Installation Package includes a startup item that can be
   used to automatically start and stop MySQL.

   To install the MySQL Startup Item:

    1. Download and open the MySQL package installer, which is
       provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes the main MySQL
       installation package, the MySQLStartupItem.pkg installation
       package, and the MySQL.prefPane. Double-click the disk image
       to open it.

    2. Double-click the MySQLStartItem.pkg file to start the
       installation process.

    3. You will be presented with the Install MySQL Startup Item
       dialog.
       MySQL Startup Item Installer: Step 1
       Click Continue to continue the installation process.

    4. A copy of the installation instructions and other important
       information relevant to this installation are displayed. Click
       Continue .

    5. Select the drive you want to use to install the MySQL Startup
       Item. The drive must have a valid, bootable, Mac OS X
       operating system installed. Click Continue.
       MySQL Startup Item Installer: Step 3

    6. You will be asked to confirm the details of the installation.
       To change the drive on which the startup item is installed,
       click either Go Back or Change Install Location.... To install
       the startup item, click Install.

    7. Once the installation has been completed successfully, you
       will be shown an Install Succeeded message.
       MySQL Startup Item Installer: Step 5

   The Startup Item for MySQL is installed into
   /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM. The Startup Item installation adds
   a variable MYSQLCOM=-YES- to the system configuration file
   /etc/hostconfig. If you want to disable the automatic startup of
   MySQL, change this variable to MYSQLCOM=-NO-.

   After the installation, you can start and stop MySQL by running
   the following commands in a terminal window. You must have
   administrator privileges to perform these tasks, and you may be
   prompted for your password.

   If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to start
   the server:
shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM start

   If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to stop
   the server:
shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM stop

2.4.4. Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane

   The MySQL Package installer disk image also includes a custom
   MySQL Preference Pane that enables you to start, stop, and control
   automated startup during boot of your MySQL installation.

   To install the MySQL Preference Pane:

    1. Download and open the MySQL package installer package, which
       is provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes the main
       MySQL installation package, the MySQLStartupItem.pkg
       installation package, and the MySQL.prefPane. Double-click the
       disk image to open it.

    2. Double-click the MySQL.prefPane. The MySQL System Preferences
       will open.

    3. If this is the first time you have installed the preference
       pane, you will be asked to confirm installation and whether
       you want to install the preference pane for all users, or only
       the current user. To install the preference pane for all users
       you will need administrator privileges. If necessary, you will
       be prompted for the username and password for a user with
       administrator privileges.

    4. If you already have the MySQL Preference Pane installed, you
       will be asked to confirm whether you want to overwrite the
       existing MySQL Preference Pane.

   Note

   The MySQL Preference Pane only starts and stops MySQL installation
   installed from the MySQL package installation that have been
   installed in the default location.

   Once the MySQL Preference Pane has been installed, you can control
   your MySQL server instance using the preference pane. To use the
   preference pane, open the System Preferences... from the Apple
   menu. Select the MySQL preference pane by clicking the MySQL logo
   within the Other section of the preference panes list.
   MySQL Preference Pane

   The MySQL Preference Pane shows the current status of the MySQL
   server, showing stopped (in red) if the server is not running and
   running (in green) if the server has already been started. The
   preference pane also shows the current setting for whether the
   MySQL server has been set to start automatically.

     * To start MySQL using the preference pane: 
       Click Start MySQL Server. You may be prompted for the username
       and password of a user with administrator privileges to start
       the MySQL server.

     * To stop MySQL using the preference pane: 
       Click Stop MySQL Server. You may be prompted for the username
       and password of a user with administrator privileges to stop
       the MySQL server.

     * To automatically start the MySQL server when the system boots:
       Check the check box next to Automatically Start MySQL Server
       on Startup.

     * To disable automatic MySQL server startup when the system
       boots:
       Uncheck the check box next to Automatically Start MySQL Server
       on Startup.

   You can close the System Preferences... window once you have
   completed your settings.

2.4.5. Using the Bundled MySQL on Mac OS X Server

   If you are running Mac OS X Server, a version of MySQL should
   already be installed. The following table shows the versions of
   MySQL that ship with Mac OS X Server versions.

   Table 2.14. MySQL Versions Preinstalled with Mac OS X Server
   Mac OS X Server Version MySQL Version
   10.2-10.2.2             3.23.51
   10.2.3-10.2.6           3.23.53
   10.3                    4.0.14
   10.3.2                  4.0.16
   10.4.0                  4.1.10a
   10.5.0                  5.0.45
   10.6.0                  5.0.82

   The following table shows the installation layout of MySQL on Mac
   OS X Server.

   Table 2.15. MySQL Directory Layout for Preinstalled MySQL
   Installations on Mac OS X Server
   Directory Contents of Directory
   /usr/bin Client programs
   /var/mysql Log files, databases
   /usr/libexec The mysqld server
   /usr/share/man Unix manual pages
   /usr/share/mysql/mysql-test MySQL test suite
   /usr/share/mysql Miscellaneous support files, including error
   messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for
   database installation
   /var/mysql/mysql.sock Location of the MySQL Unix socket

Additional Resources


     * For more information on managing the bundled MySQL instance in
       Mac OS X Server 10.5, see Mac OS X Server: Web Technologies
       Administration For Version 10.5 Leopard
       (http://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Web_Technologies_A
       dmin_v10.5.pdf).

     * For more information on managing the bundled MySQL instance in
       Mac OS X Server 10.6, see Mac OS X Server: Web Technologies
       Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard
       (http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/WebTech_v10.6.pdf).

     * The MySQL server bundled with Mac OS X Server does not include
       the MySQL client libraries and header files required to access
       and use MySQL from a third-party driver, such as Perl DBI or
       PHP. For more information on obtaining and installing MySQL
       libraries, see Mac OS X Server version 10.5: MySQL libraries
       available for download (http://support.apple.com/kb/TA25017).
       Alternatively, you can ignore the bundled MySQL server and
       install MySQL from the package or tarball installation.

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