BearSSL

Data Structures | Macros | Functions
bearssl_pem.h File Reference
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## Data Structures
struct | br_pem_decoder_context
| PEM decoder context. More...

## Macros
#define | BR_PEM_BEGIN_OBJ 1
| Event: start of object. More...
#define | BR_PEM_END_OBJ 2
| Event: end of object. More...
#define | BR_PEM_ERROR 3
| Event: decoding error. More...
#define | BR_PEM_LINE64 0x0001
| PEM encoding flag: split lines at 64 characters. More...
#define | BR_PEM_CRLF 0x0002
| PEM encoding flag: use CR+LF line endings. More...

## Functions
void | br_pem_decoder_init (br_pem_decoder_context *ctx)
| Initialise a PEM decoder structure. More...
size_t | br_pem_decoder_push (br_pem_decoder_context *ctx, const void *data, size_t len)
| Push some bytes into the decoder. More...
static void | br_pem_decoder_setdest (br_pem_decoder_context *ctx, void(*dest)(void *dest_ctx, const void *src, size_t len), void *dest_ctx)
| Set the receiver for decoded data. More...
int | br_pem_decoder_event (br_pem_decoder_context *ctx)
| Get the last event. More...
static const char * | br_pem_decoder_name (br_pem_decoder_context *ctx)
| Get the name of the encountered object. More...
size_t | br_pem_encode (void *dest, const void *data, size_t len, const char *banner, unsigned flags)
| Encode an object in PEM. More...

## Detailed Description

# PEM Support

PEM is a traditional encoding layer use to store binary objects (in particular X.509 certificates, and private keys) in text files. While the acronym comes from an old, defunct standard ("Privacy Enhanced Mail"), the format has been reused, with some variations, by many systems, and is a de facto standard, even though it is not, actually, specified in all clarity anywhere.

## Format Details

BearSSL contains a generic, streamed PEM decoder, which handles the following format:

- The input source (a sequence of bytes) is assumed to be the encoding of a text file in an ASCII-compatible charset. This includes ISO-8859-1, Windows-1252, and UTF-8 encodings. Each line ends on a newline character (U+000A LINE FEED). The U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN characters are ignored, so the code accepts both Windows-style and Unix-style line endings.
- Each object begins with a banner that occurs at the start of a line; the first banner characters are "`-----BEGIN `" (five dashes, the word "BEGIN", and a space). The banner matching is not case-sensitive.
- The object name consists in the characters that follow the banner start sequence, up to the end of the line, but without trailing dashes (in "normal" PEM, there are five trailing dashes, but this implementation is not picky about these dashes). The BearSSL decoder normalises the name characters to uppercase (for ASCII letters only) and accepts names up to 127 characters.
- The object ends with a banner that again occurs at the start of a line, and starts with "`-----END `" (again case-insensitive).
- Between that start and end banner, only Base64 data shall occur. Base64 converts each sequence of three bytes into four characters; the four characters are ASCII letters, digits, "`+`" or "`-`" signs, and one or two "`=`" signs may occur in the last quartet. Whitespace is ignored (whitespace is any ASCII character of code 32 or less, so control characters are whitespace) and lines may have arbitrary length; the only restriction is that the four characters of a quartet must appear on the same line (no line break inside a quartet).
- A single file may contain more than one PEM object. Bytes that occur between objects are ignored.

## PEM Decoder API

The PEM decoder offers a state-machine API. The caller allocates a decoder context, then injects source bytes. Source bytes are pushed with `br_pem_decoder_push()`. The decoder stops accepting bytes when it reaches an "event", which is either the start of an object, the end of an object, or a decoding error within an object.

The `br_pem_decoder_event()` function is used to obtain the current event; it also clears it, thus allowing the decoder to accept more bytes. When a object start event is raised, the decoder context offers the found object name (normalised to ASCII uppercase).

When an object is reached, the caller must set an appropriate callback function, which will receive (by chunks) the decoded object data.

Since the decoder context makes no dynamic allocation, it requires no explicit deallocation.

## Macro Definition Documentation

## ◆ BR_PEM_BEGIN_OBJ

#define BR_PEM_BEGIN_OBJ 1

Event: start of object.

This event is raised when the start of a new object has been detected. The object name (normalised to uppercase) can be accessed with `br_pem_decoder_name()`.

## ◆ BR_PEM_CRLF

#define BR_PEM_CRLF 0x0002

PEM encoding flag: use CR+LF line endings.

## ◆ BR_PEM_END_OBJ

#define BR_PEM_END_OBJ 2

Event: end of object.

This event is raised when the end of the current object is reached (normally, i.e. with no decoding error).

## ◆ BR_PEM_ERROR

#define BR_PEM_ERROR 3

Event: decoding error.

This event is raised when decoding fails within an object. This formally closes the current object and brings the decoder back to the "out of any object" state. The offending line in the source is consumed.

## ◆ BR_PEM_LINE64

#define BR_PEM_LINE64 0x0001

PEM encoding flag: split lines at 64 characters.

## Function Documentation

## ◆ br_pem_decoder_event()

int br_pem_decoder_event | ( | br_pem_decoder_context * | ctx | ) |

Get the last event.

If an event was raised, then this function returns the event value, and also clears it, thereby allowing the decoder to proceed. If no event was raised since the last call to `br_pem_decoder_event()`, then this function returns 0.

Parameters

  ctx | decoder context.

Returns
  the raised event, or 0.

## ◆ br_pem_decoder_init()

void br_pem_decoder_init | ( | br_pem_decoder_context * | ctx | ) |

Initialise a PEM decoder structure.

Parameters

  ctx | decoder context to initialise.

## ◆ br_pem_decoder_name()

static const char * br_pem_decoder_name | ( | br_pem_decoder_context * | ctx | ) |
| inline static

Get the name of the encountered object.

The encountered object name is defined only when the "start of object" event is raised. That name is normalised to uppercase (for ASCII letters only) and does not include trailing dashes.

Parameters

  ctx | decoder context.

Returns
  the current object name.

## ◆ br_pem_decoder_push()

size_t br_pem_decoder_push | ( | br_pem_decoder_context * | ctx,
|  | const void * | data,
|  | size_t | len
| ) |  |

Push some bytes into the decoder.

Returned value is the number of bytes actually consumed; this may be less than the number of provided bytes if an event is raised. When an event is raised, it must be read (with `br_pem_decoder_event()`); until the event is read, this function will return 0.

Parameters

  ctx | decoder context.
  data | new data bytes.
  len | number of new data bytes.

Returns
  the number of bytes actually received (may be less than `len`).

## ◆ br_pem_decoder_setdest()

static void br_pem_decoder_setdest | ( | br_pem_decoder_context * | ctx,
|  | void(*)(void *dest_ctx, const void *src, size_t len) | dest,
|  | void * | dest_ctx
| ) |  |
| inline static

Set the receiver for decoded data.

When an object is entered, the provided function (with opaque context pointer) will be called repeatedly with successive chunks of decoded data for that object. If `dest` is set to 0, then decoded data is simply ignored. The receiver can be set at any time, but, in practice, it should be called immediately after receiving a "start of object" event.

Parameters

  ctx | decoder context.
  dest | callback for receiving decoded data.
  dest_ctx | opaque context pointer for the `dest` callback.

## ◆ br_pem_encode()

size_t br_pem_encode | ( | void * | dest,
|  | const void * | data,
|  | size_t | len,
|  | const char * | banner,
|  | unsigned | flags
| ) |  |

Encode an object in PEM.

This function encodes the provided binary object (`data`, of length `len` bytes) into PEM. The `banner` text will be included in the header and footer (e.g. use `"CERTIFICATE"` to get a `"BEGIN CERTIFICATE"` header).

The length (in characters) of the PEM output is returned; that length does NOT include the terminating zero, that this function nevertheless adds. If using the returned value for allocation purposes, the allocated buffer size MUST be at least one byte larger than the returned size.

If `dest` is `NULL`, then the encoding does not happen; however, the length of the encoded object is still computed and returned.

The `data` pointer may be `NULL` only if `len` is zero (when encoding an object of length zero, which is not very useful), or when `dest` is `NULL` (in that case, source data bytes are ignored).

Some `flags` can be specified to alter the encoding behaviour:

- If `BR_PEM_LINE64` is set, then line-breaking will occur after every 64 characters of output, instead of the default of 76.
- If `BR_PEM_CRLF` is set, then end-of-line sequence will use CR+LF instead of a single LF.

The `data` and `dest` buffers may overlap, in which case the source binary data is destroyed in the process. Note that the PEM-encoded output is always larger than the source binary.

Parameters

  dest | the destination buffer (or `NULL`).
  data | the source buffer (can be `NULL` in some cases).
  len | the source length (in bytes).
  banner | the PEM banner expression.
  flags | the behavioural flags.

Returns
  the PEM object length (in characters), EXCLUDING the final zero.