<beginfold id='1'>/*</beginfold id='1'> Stan Highlighting Example

  This file contains a syntatically correct but nonsensical Stan program that
  includes almost every feature of the language needed to validate syntax
  highlighters. It will compile (as of Stan 2.17.1), but it does nothing
  useful.

  Author: Jeffrey Arnold <jeffrey.anold@gmail.com>
  Copyright: Jeffrey Arnold (2018)
  License: MIT

<endfold id='1'>*/</endfold id='1'>
// line comment
# deprecated line comment
functions <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  #include stuff.stan
  #include "morestuff.stan"
  #include 'moststuff.stan'
  #include <evenmorestuff.stan>

  // declarations
  void oof(real x);

  // definitions
  // return types
  void oof(real x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    print("print ", x);
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  <beginfold id='1'>/*</beginfold id='1'>
    @param x A number
    @return x + 1
  <endfold id='1'>*/</endfold id='1'>
  real foo(real x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  int bar(int x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  vector baz(vector x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  row_vector qux(row_vector x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  matrix quux(matrix x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // numbers of arguments
  void corge() <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    print("no parameters");
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  void grault(int a, real b, vector c, row_vector d, matrix f) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    print("many parameters");
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  void garply(real a, real[] b, real[,] c, real[,,] d) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    print("array arguments");
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // array return types
  int[] waldo(int[] x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  int[,] fred(int[,] x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  int[,,] plough(int[,,] x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // data only function argument
  real plugh(data real x) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return x;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // ode function
  real[] ode_func(real a, real[] b, real[] c, real[] d, int[] e) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    return b;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
data <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  // non-int variable types
  int x_int;
  real x_real;
  real y_real;
  vector[1] x_vector;
  ordered[1] x_ordered;
  positive_ordered[1] x_positive_ordered;
  simplex[1] x_simplex;
  unit_vector[1] x_unit_vector;
  row_vector[1] x_row_vector;
  matrix[1, 1] x_matrix;
  cholesky_factor_corr[2] x_cholesky_factor_corr;
  cholesky_factor_cov[2] x_cholesky_factor_cov;
  cholesky_factor_cov[2, 3] x_cholesky_factor_cov_2;
  corr_matrix[2] x_corr_matrix;
  cov_matrix[2] x_cov_matrix;

  // range constraints
  real<lower = 0., upper = 1.> alpha;
  real<lower = 0.> bravo;
  real<upper = 1.> charlie;

  // arrays
  int echo[1];
  int foxtrot[1, 1];
  int golf[1, 1, 1];

  // identifier with all valid letters
  real abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_0123456789;

  // hard pattern
  real<lower = (bravo < charlie), upper = (bravo > charlie)> ranger;

  // identifier patterns
  real a;
  real a3;
  real a_3;
  real Sigma;
  real my_cpp_style_variable;
  real myCamelCaseVariable;
  real abcdefghijklmnojk;
  // names beginning with keywords
  real iffffff;
  real whilest;
  // name ending with truncation
  real fooT;

  // new array syntax
  array [N] real foo_new;
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

transformed data <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  // declaration and assignment
  int india = 1;
  real romeo = 1.0;
  row_vector[2] victor = [1, 2];
  matrix[2, 2] mike = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
  real sierra[2] = <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1., 2.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>;
  complex zulu = 3+4.1i;
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
parameters <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  real hotel;
  real<offset = 0., multiplier = 1.> alpha;
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
transformed parameters <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  real juliette;
  juliette = hotel * 2.;
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
model <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  real x;
  int k;
  vector[2] y = [1., 1.]';
  matrix[2, 2] A = [[1., 1.], [1., 1.]];
  real odeout[2, 2];
  real algout[2, 2];

  // if else statements
  if (x_real < 0) x = 0.;

  if (x_real < 0) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 0.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

  if (x_real < 0) x = 0.;
  else x = 1.;

  if (x_real < 0) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 0.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'> else <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 1.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

  if (x_real < 0) x = 0.;
  else if (x_real > 1) x = 1.;
  else x = 0.5;

  if (x_real < 0) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 0.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'> else if (x_real > 1) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 1.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'> else <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    x = 0.5;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

  // for loops
  for (i in 1:5) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    print("i = ", i);
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // for (j in echo) {
  //   print("j = ", j);
  // }
  // while loop
  while (1) <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    break;
    continue;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

  // reject statement
  reject("reject statment ", x_real);

  // print statement
  print("print statement ", x_real);
  print("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_~@#$%^&*`'-+={}[].,;: ");

  // increment log probability statements;
  target += 1.;

  // valid integer literals
  k = 0;
  k = 1;
  k = -1;
  k = 256;
  k = -127098;
  k = 007;

  // valid real literals
  x = 0.0;
  x = 1.0;
  x = 3.14;
  x = 003.14;
  x = -217.9387;
  x = 0.123;
  x = .123;
  x = 1.;
  x = -0.123;
  x = -.123;
  x = -1.;
  x = 12e34;
  x = 12E34;
  x = 12.e34;
  x = 12.E34;
  x = 12.0e34;
  x = 12.0E34;
  x = .1e34;
  x = .1E34;
  x = -12e34;
  x = -12E34;
  x = -12.e34;
  x = -12.E34;
  x = -12.0e34;
  x = -12.0E34;
  x = -.1e34;
  x = -.1E34;
  x = 12e-34;
  x = 12E-34;
  x = 12.e-34;
  x = 12.E-34;
  x = 12.0e-34;
  x = 12.0E-34;
  x = .1e-34;
  x = .1E-34;
  x = -12e-34;
  x = -12E-34;
  x = -12.e-34;
  x = -12.E-34;
  x = -12.0e-34;
  x = -12.0E-34;
  x = -.1e-34;
  x = -.1E-34;
  x = 12e+34;
  x = 12E+34;
  x = 12.e+34;
  x = 12.E+34;
  x = 12.0e+34;
  x = 12.0E+34;
  x = .1e+34;
  x = .1E+34;
  x = -12e+34;
  x = -12E+34;
  x = -12.e+34;
  x = -12.E+34;
  x = -12.0e+34;
  x = -12.0E+34;
  x = -.1e+34;
  x = -.1E+34;

  // imaginary literals
  complex z = 3 + 3i;
  z = 2.3i;
  z = 3.4e10i;
  z = 0i;

  // assignment statements
  x = 1;
  x += 1.;
  x -= 1.;
  x *= 1.;
  x /= 1.;
  y .*= x_vector;
  y ./= x_vector;

  // operators
  x = x_real && 1;
  x = x_real || 1;
  x = x_real < 1.;
  x = x_real <= 1.;
  x = x_real > 1.;
  x = x_real >= 1.;
  x = x_real + 1.;
  x = x_real - 1.;
  x = x_real * 1.;
  x = x_real / 1.;
  x = x_real ^ 2.;
  x = x_real % 2;
  x = !x_real;
  x = +x_real;
  x = -x_real;
  x = x_int ? x_real : 0.;

  y = x_row_vector';
  y = x_matrix \ x_vector;
  y = x_vector .* x_vector;
  y = x_vector ./ x_vector;

  // parenthized expression
  x = (x_real + x_real);

  // block statement
  <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    real z;
    z = 1.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>

  profile("profile-test") <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
    real z;
    z = 1.;
  <endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
  // built-in functions
  x = log(1.);
  x = exp(1.);

  // non-built-in function
  x = foo(1.);

  // constants and nullary functions
  x = machine_precision();
  x = pi();
  x = e();
  x = sqrt2();
  x = log2();
  x = log10();
  // special values
  x = not_a_number();
  x = positive_infinity();
  x = negative_infinity();
  x = machine_precision();
  // log probability
  x = target();

  // sampling statement
  x_real ~ normal(0., 1.);

  // truncation
  x_real ~ normal(0., 1.) T[-1., 1.];
  x_real ~ normal(0., 1.) T[, 1.];
  x_real ~ normal(0., 1.) T[-1., ];
  x_real ~ normal(0., 1.) T[ , ];

  // transformation on lhs of sampling
  log(x_real) ~ normal(0., 1.);

  // lhs indexes
  y[1] = 1.;
  A[1, 2] = 1.;
  A[1][2] = 1.;

  // special functions
  odeout = integrate_ode(ode_func, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, x_real, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>0<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>);
  odeout = integrate_ode_bdf(ode_func, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, x_real, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>0<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>,
                             x_real, x_real, x_int);
  odeout = integrate_ode_rk45(ode_func, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, x_real, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>1.<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>, <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>0<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>,
                              x_real, x_real, x_int);
  // algout = algebra_solver(algebra_func, x_vector, x_vector, {1.}, {0});

  // distribution functions
  x = normal_lpdf(0.5 | 0., 1.);
  x = normal_cdf(0.5, 0., 1.);
  x = normal_lcdf(0.5 | 0., 1.);
  x = normal_lccdf(0.5 | 0., 1.);
  x = binomial_lpmf(1 | 2, 0.5);

  // deprecated features
  foo <- 1;
  increment_log_prob(0.0);
  y_hat = integrate_ode(sho, y0, t0, ts, theta, x_r, x_i);
  x = get_lp();
  x = multiply_log(1.0, 1.0);
  x = binomial_coefficient_log(1.0, 1.0);
  // deprecated distribution functions versions
  x = normal_log(0.5, 0.0, 1.0);
  x = normal_cdf_log(0.5, 0.0, 1.0);
  x = normal_ccdf_log(0.5, 0.0, 1.0);

<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
generated quantities <beginfold id='2'>{</beginfold id='2'>
  real Y;
  // rng function
  Y = normal_rng(0., 1.);
<endfold id='2'>}</endfold id='2'>
