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### 29.1 Delaunay Triangulation

The Delaunay triangulation is constructed from a set of circum-circles. These circum-circles are chosen so that there are at least three of the points in the set to triangulation on the circumference of the circum-circle. None of the points in the set of points falls within any of the circum-circles.

In general there are only three points on the circumference of any circum-circle. However, in some cases, and in particular for the case of a regular grid, 4 or more points can be on a single circum-circle. In this case the Delaunay triangulation is not unique.

— Function File: tri = delaunay (x, y)
— Function File: tri = delaunay (x, y, opt)

> The return matrix of size [n, 3] contains a set triangles which are described by the indices to the data point x and y vector. The triangulation satisfies the Delaunay circum-circle criterion. No other data point is in the circum-circle of the defining triangle.

> A third optional argument, which must be a string, contains extra options passed to the underlying qhull command. See the documentation for the Qhull library for details.

>               x = rand (1, 10);
>               y = rand (size (x));
>               T = delaunay (x, y);
>               X = [x(T(:,1)); x(T(:,2)); x(T(:,3)); x(T(:,1))];
>               Y = [y(T(:,1)); y(T(:,2)); y(T(:,3)); y(T(:,1))];
>               axis ([0,1,0,1]);
>               plot (X, Y, "b", x, y, "r*");

> See also: voronoi, delaunay3, delaunayn.

The 3- and N-dimensional extension of the Delaunay triangulation are given by `delaunay3` and `delaunayn` respectively. `delaunay3` returns a set of tetrahedra that satisfy the Delaunay circum-circle criteria. Similarly, `delaunayn` returns the N-dimensional simplex satisfying the Delaunay circum-circle criteria. The N-dimensional extension of a triangulation is called a tessellation.

— Function File: T = delaunay3 (x, y, z)
— Function File: T = delaunay3 (x, y, z, opt)

> A matrix of size [n, 4] is returned. Each row contains a set of tetrahedron which are described by the indices to the data point vectors (x,y,z).

> A fourth optional argument, which must be a string or cell array of strings, contains extra options passed to the underlying qhull command. See the documentation for the Qhull library for details.

> See also: delaunay, delaunayn.

— Function File: t = delaunayn (p)
— Function File: t = delaunayn (p, opt)

> Form the Delaunay triangulation for a set of points. The Delaunay triangulation is a tessellation of the convex hull of the points such that no n-sphere defined by the n-triangles contains any other points from the set. The input matrix p of size `[n, dim]` contains n points in a space of dimension dim. The return matrix t has the size `[m, dim+1]`. It contains for each row a set of indices to the points, which describes a simplex of dimension dim. For example, a 2-D simplex is a triangle and 3-D simplex is a tetrahedron.

> Extra options for the underlying Qhull command can be specified by the second argument. This argument is a cell array of strings. The default options depend on the dimension of the input:

> - 2D and 3D: opt = `{"Qt", "Qbb", "Qc"}`
> - 4D and higher: opt = `{"Qt", "Qbb", "Qc", "Qz"}`

> If opt is [], then the default arguments are used. If opt is `{""}`, then none of the default arguments are used by Qhull. See the Qhull documentation for the available options.

> All options can also be specified as single string, for example `"Qt Qbb Qc Qz"`.

An example of a Delaunay triangulation of a set of points is

         rand ("state", 2);
         x = rand (10, 1);
         y = rand (10, 1);
         T = delaunay (x, y);
         X = [ x(T(:,1)); x(T(:,2)); x(T(:,3)); x(T(:,1)) ];
         Y = [ y(T(:,1)); y(T(:,2)); y(T(:,3)); y(T(:,1)) ];
         axis ([0, 1, 0, 1]);
         plot(X, Y, "b", x, y, "r*");

The result of which can be seen in fig:delaunay.

Figure 29.1: Delaunay triangulation of a random set of points