# Formatting information ## A beginner's introduction to typesetting with LA TEX ### Index ### Peter Flynn #### Silmaril Consultants Textual Therapy Division v. 3.6 (March 2005)
This edition of Formatting Information was prompted by the generous help I have received from TEX users too numerous to mention individually. Shortly after TUGboat published the November 2003 edition, I was reminded by a spate of email of the fragility of documentation for a system like LA TEX which is constantly under development. There have been revisions to packages; issues of new distributions, new tools, and new interfaces; new books and other new documents; corrections to my own errors; suggestions for rewording; and in one or two cases mild abuse for having omitted package X which the author felt to be indispensable to users. ¶ I am grateful as always to the people who sent me corrections and suggestions for improvement. Please keep them coming: only this way can this book reflect what people want to learn. The same limitation still applies, however: no mathematics, as there are already a dozen or more excellent books on the market — as well as other online documents — dealing with mathematical typesetting in TEX and LA TEX in finer and better detail than I am capable of. ¶ The structure remains the same, but I have revised and rephrased a lot of material, especially in the earlier chapters where a new user cannot be expected yet to have acquired any depth of knowledge. Many of the screenshots have been updated, and most of the examples and code fragments have been retested. ¶ As I was finishing this edition, I was asked to review an article for The PracTEX Journal, which grew out of the Practical TEX Conference in 2004. The author specifically took the writers of documentation to task for failing to explain things more clearly, and as I read more, I found myself agreeing, and resolving to clear up some specific problems areas as far as possible. It is very difficult for people who write technical documentation to remember how they struggled to learn what has now become a familiar system. So much of what we do is second nature, and a lot of it actually has nothing to do with the software, but more with the way in which we view and approach information, and the general level of knowledge of computing. If I have obscured something by making unreasonable assumptions about your knowledge, please let me know so that I can correct it. Peter Flynn is author of The HTML Handbook and Understanding SGML and XML Tools, and editor of The XML FAQ. | This document is Copyright © 1999–2005 by Silmaril Consultants under the terms of what is now the GNU Free Documentation License (copyleft). Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled The GNU Free Documentation License. You are allowed to distribute, reproduce, and modify it without fee or further requirement for consent subject to the conditions in section D.5. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this document. If you make useful modifications you are asked to inform the author so that the master copy can be updated. See the full text of the License in Appendix D.

## Index

The same fonts are used here as in the text of the book (see section 8) to distinguish between different meanings:

Notation | Meaning
--- | ---
CTAN | Acronyms (small caps in some typefaces)
`\command` | LA TEX control sequences (monospace font)
term | Defining instance of a specialist term (bold italics)
product | program or product name (italics)
environment | LA TEX environment (sans-serif bold)
package | LA TEX package (sans-serif; all available from CTAN)
options | Options to environments (sans-serif oblique)
`variables` | Variables (monospace oblique)

In the online version, the entries below are all hyperlinked to their source, with subsequent multiple occurrences giving the section number or name. Page or section numbers in bold type indicate a defining instance.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

#### A

a4paper (3.1.1)
AbiWord (10.1), (10.1.1)
abstract (3.4)
\abstractname (3.4)
abstracts
accents
Acrobat (10.2.4)
Acrobat Reader (1.1), (4.1), (4.3.3)
\addcontentsline (3.7)
\affiliation (3.3)
AFM (Adobe Font Metric) (8.3.2)
afm2tfm (8.3.2)
alpha (7.4.2.1)
AMS (American Mathematical Society) (8.3.3)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) (C)
Apple Mac
apt-get (1.2)
\arabic (9.6)
ArcInfo (6.5.1)
arguments (2.4.2)
array (6.3.3)
article (3.1)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) (2), (Introduction), (2.7), (2.9), (4.3.2), (6.5), (8.3), (10.1.1), (C)
asynchronous typographic display (Introduction)
AUCTEX (2.3.6)
\author (3.3), (9.2)
\authorof (7.4.2.1)
AutoCAD (6.5.1)
Autorun (1.4)

#### B

b (6.7.1)
babel (2.8.6), (3.6)
backslash (2.4)
backtick (6.6.1)
(4.2.3.4)
Balise (10.1)
baselineskip (8.1.1)
\baselinestretch (8.1.1)
bash (1.3)
bbding (6.2.1), (9.6.1)
beer
lite (7.5)
American (7.5)
\begin (3.2)
Berry, Karl (1), (8.3.2)
Berry, Karl (8.3.2)
\bfseries (8.2.3)
bibliographies
\bibliography (7.4.2.1)
\bibliographystyle (7.4.2.1)
\bibname (7.4.2.4)
bibtex (7.4.2.2)
\bigskip (8.1.1)
BMP (Microsoft Bitmap) (6.5), (6.5.1)
book (3.1), (3.5)
boxes
bp (big points)
braces, see curly bracescurly braces

#### C

C (1.2)
\caption (6.3.2)
cc (Ciceros)
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) (Revision Info), (10)
center (6.3.3), (6.3.4)
\centering (6.3.3)
cep (6.5)
CGI (Common Gateway Interface) (Introduction)
\chapter (3.5)
chapter (9.6)
charmap (2.7)
ChemDraw (6.5.1)
Chikrii, Kirill (10.2.1)
Chocolate Stout, (7.5)
Chocolate Stout (7.5)
\cite (7.4.2.1), (7.4.2.2)
\citequote (7.1)
CLI (Command-Line Interface) (Introduction), (Preface)
\cline (6.3.3)
CM (Computer Modern) (8.2), (Revision Info), (Revision Info), (8.2), (8.2.1), (8.2.4), (8.3.2), (8.3.3)
cm (centimeters)
cmr (8.2.1)
cmss (8.2.1)
cmtt (8.2.1)
CMYK (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black) (8.2.6), (5.1.1), (8.2.6)
color (5.1.1), (5.2.1), (8.2.6)
\color (8.2.6)
\colorbox (8.2.6)
color names (8.2.6)
colour
columns
\columnsep (7.6)
\command (Introduction), (Index)
comment character (2.5.1)
commercial implementations
commutative (8.2.3)
configure (5.2.2)
counter (Introduction)
Crayola (Preface), (8.2.6)
cross-references
CTAN (Comprehensive Archive Network) (5), (Introduction), (Preface), (1), (1.4.3), (2.3.2), (2.3.3), (2.3.4), (4.4), (5), (5.1), (5.1.2), (5.2), (5.3), (6.5), (7.4.2.1), (7.4.2.4), (7.5), (8.2), (8.3.1), (8.3.1.2), (10.1), (10.2.1), (10.2.5), (B), (Index)
curly braces (2.4.2)
Cygwin (5.2.3)

#### D

Dambra, Ruggero (10.1)
\date (3.3), (4.2.3.1), (4.2.3.3), (9.2)
dd (Didot points)
DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) (Preface)
\DeclareFontFamily (8.3.2)
\DeclareFontShape (8.3.2)
\def (9.4)
\definecolor (8.2.6)
description (6.2.3)
detex (10.2.5)
dimension
dimension (3.6)
dimensions
DOCTEX
DocBook (Introduction)
document (3.2), (3.3), (3.4)
document class (3)
\documentclass (3.1), (3.4)
document class
Dorner, Fernando (10.2.1)
double-spacing
draft (3.1.1)
Draw (6.5.1)
DSSSL (Document Style Semantics and Specification Language) (10.1)
DTD (Document Type Definition) (10.1), (Introduction), (10.1)
DTP (desktop publishing) (Preface), (Preface), (6.3), (8.2)
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) (Revision Info), (10)
DVI (device-independent) (4.1), (Preface), (1.1), (2.2), (2.3.2), (4.1.3), (4.3), (4.3.1), (4.3.2), (4.3.3), (5.1.2), (6.5.1), (6.7), (10.2.5)
dvialw (4.4)
dvieps (4.4)
dvihp (4.4)
dvips (4.3.2), (4.4), (6.5), (8.2.6), (8.3.2)
dviview (4.3.1)
DynaTag (10.1)

#### E

ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence) (Introduction), (Introduction)
editors
\ef (9.1)
element (3)
elsevier (7.4.2.4)
em (relative measure)
Emacs (Introduction), (1.2), (1.4.2), (2.1), (2.3), (2.3.6), (2.6), (4.1.3), (4.2.1), (4.4), (6.3.3), (7.4.2.3), (10.1)
\emph (8.2.5)
empty (8.1.2)
\end (3.2)
endnote (7.2)
\enspace (8.1.1)
enumerate (6.2.2)
enumerate* (6.2.2)
enumi (6.2.6)
enumii (6.2.6)
enumiii (6.2.6)
enumiv (6.2.6)
environment (Introduction)
environment (3.2)
environment, (Index)
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) (6.5), (6.5), (6.5.1)
epsf (6.5)
equation (2.9)
File not found (4.2.3.6)
Overfull hbox (4.2.3.5)
Runaway argument (4.2.3.3)
Error messages Too many }'s (4.2.3.1)
Undefined control sequence (4.2.3.2)
Underfull hbox (4.2.3.4)
Esser, Thomas (1)
\EUR (2.5.1)
sortas:euro
EuroMath (10.1)
ex (relative measure)
example (6.2.6)
Excel (10.1)

#### F

family (8.2.3)
fancybox (6.6.2), (6.7.3), (9.5)
fancyhdr (8.1.2)
\fancyhead (8.1.2)
fancyvrb (6.6.2)
FAQ (Frequently-Asked Questions) (5.3.1), (Foreword), (5), (5.3.1), (5.3.4)
\fbox (6.7.2), (6.7.3), (8.2.6)
fboxrule (6.7.2)
fboxsep (6.7.2)
Feuerstack, Thomas (1)
figure (6.4)
figure* (7.6)
figures
filenames
File not found
Fine, Jonathan (Introduction)
float (6.3.1)
floats, (6.4)
flushleft (6.3.4), (9.2)
flushright (6.3.4)
fnpara (7.2)
\fnsymbol (7.2)
font definition (8.3.2)
\fontencoding (8.2.2)
\fontfamily (8.2.2)
fontinst (8.3.2)
fontname (8.3.2)
fontname (8.3.2)
changing temporarily (8.2.2)
changing the default (8.2.1)
colour (8.2.6)
Computer Modern (8.2)
encoding (8.3.2)
families (8.2.1)
in general (8.2), (8.3)
\fontsize (8.2.4)
METAFONT (8.2), (8.2)
PostScript (8.2), (8.3.2)
fonts sizes (3.1.1), (8.2.4)
styles (8.2.3)
TrueType (8.2)
Type 1 (8.2)
\footnote (7.2)
footnotes
\footnotesize (8.2.4)
\foreign (8.2.5)
fpTEX (Introduction)
fpTEX
sortas:fptex
FrameMaker (10)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) (Introduction), (5)

#### G

geometry (5.1.1), (5.1.2), (7.3), (8.1.1)
Ghostscript (4.3.2), (4.4), (8.2)
GhostScript (1.4.1)
GhostView (1.1)
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) (6.5.1)
GIMP (6.5.1)
glossaries
\glossary (7.5)
GNU (GNU's Not Unix) (2.3.6), (Introduction), (2.3.6)
GNUplot (6.5.1)
Granzer, Andreas (10.2.1)
graphics (5.2.1)
graphics
\graphicspath (6.5.2)
graphicx (6.5)
grave accent (6.6.1)
grouping
GSview (1.1), (1.4.1), (4.1), (4.3.2), (4.3.3), (4.4), (8.2), (8.3.3)
GSView (1.4.2)
GUI (Graphical User Interface) (Introduction), (Introduction), (Preface), (4.1.2)
Gutta-Percha (8.3.2)
gv (1.1)

#### H

H&J, see hyphenation, justificationhyphenation, justification
hard space
harvard (7.4.2.4)
hash mark (2.5.1)
headings (8.1.2)
help
Hennings, Wilfried (10.2.1)
sortas:hj
\hline (6.3.3)
\hrule (9.2)
\hspace (8.1.1)
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) (10), (Release Info), (Introduction), (2.1), (3.1), (3.6), (6.3), (10.1), (10.1.1), (10.2), (10.2.1), (10.2.2), (10.2.3), (D.2)
HTML Tidy (10.1)
\huge (8.2.4)
\Huge (8.2.4)
hyphenation
\hyphenation (2.8.2)
discretionary (2.8.2)
hyphens soft (2.8.2)

#### I

\i (2.7)
IBM (International Business Machines) (Revision Info), (Introduction)
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) (1.4.1)
IEEETR (Transactions of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (7.4.2.1)
Illustrator (6.5.1)
ITEXMac (1.3)
images
in (inches)
\includegraphics (6.4), (6.5), (6.5.1), (6.5.2)
\index (7.5), (9.4)
indexes
Inline lists (6.2.4)
inparaenum (6.2.4)
inputenc (2.7), (2.9), (C)
Instant Preview (Introduction)
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (10.1)
ispell (2.3.2)
\item (6.2)
itemize (6.2.1)
itemize* (6.2.2)
\itshape (8.2.3)

#### J

Jackowski, Bogusław (8.3.3)
Java (Introduction), (10.1.1)
JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) (6.5), (6.5), (6.5.1)
jurabib (7.4.2.5)
justification

#### K

Kastrup, David (Introduction), (9.4)
Kay, Michael (Introduction)
Kern, Uwe (5.1.1)
Kiffe, Tom (1)
kluwer (7.4.2.4)
Knuth, Don (Preface)
komascript (3.1)
Kword (10.1)

#### L

L (1.2)
\label (6.2.5), (6.3.2), (7.4.1)
Lamport, Leslie (9.4)
\large (8.2.4)
\Large (8.2.4)
\LARGE (8.2.4)
\LaTeX (10.1.1)
latex2rtf (10.2.1)
\leftmark (8.1.2)
length (Introduction)
length (3.6)
letter (3.1)
letterpaper (3.1.1)
letterspacing
\linebreak (9.3)
Linux
\listoffigures (3.7)
\listoftables (3.7)
lists
bulleted (6.2.1)
description (6.2.3)
discussion (6.2.3)
enumerated (6.2.2)
inline (6.2.4)
itemized (6.2.1)
numbered (6.2.2)
Lotz, Manfred (1)

#### M

Mac OS X
macros
macros (9)
\makeatletter (9.2)
\makeatother (9.2)
makebst (7.4.2.4)
\makeglossary (7.5)
makeidx (7.5)
makeindex (Introduction), (7.5)
\makeindex (7.5)
\maketitle (3.3), (3.4), (4.2.3.3), (9.2)
Malyshev, Basil K. (8.3.3)
Maple (6.5.1), (10.1)
marginal notes
margins
\markboth (8.1.2)
\markright (8.1.2)
markup (2.1)
marvosym (2.5.1)
MathCAD (6.5.1)
math characters
Mathematica (6.5.1), (10.1)
mathematics, (2.9)
Matthes, Eberhard (1.4.2)
\mbox (2.8.3), (9.3)
mdwlist (6.2.2), (8.1.1)
\medskip (8.1.1)
memoir (3.1)
metacharacters (2.5)
(3.3)
(3.3)
Metamorphosis (10.1)
Microbrew, see beerbeer
Microsoft Windows
MiKTEX
MIKTEX (1.4.1)
sortas:miktex
minipage (6.7.1), (6.7.2), (6.7.3), (9.5)
mirror
mkfs (1.2)
mktexlsr (5.2.2), (A)
mm (millimeters)
Mozilla (5.3.4)
multicol (7.6)
multicols (7.6)
\multicolumn (6.3.3)
multirow (6.3.3)
My Computer (1.4)
myheadings (8.1.2)

#### N

named (8.2.6)
NetPBM (10.2.2)
newcent (8.2.1)
\newcommand (9.1), (9.4)
\newpage (Introduction)
NFSS (New Font Selection Scheme) (8.3)
TEXnicCenter (Introduction)
TEXnicCenter, (1.4.1), (2.1), (2.3.4)
TEXnic Center (2.3)
\normalsize (8.2.4)
Notepad (Introduction), (2.3.5)
NTS (New Typesetting System) (Preface)

#### O

O (1.2)
OASIS (Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Systems) (10.1)
octothorpe (2.5.1)
Office 11 (10.1)
Omnimark (10.1)
oneside (3.1.1)
OpenOffice (Introduction), (10.1)
Opera (4.1)
options (Index)
sortas:Oregon Brewing Company
OS X
Ota, Takaaki (6.3.3)
\ovalbox (6.7.3)
Overfull hbox
oxford (7.4.2.4)

#### P

\P (7.4.1)
packages (5.1)
package (Introduction), (Index)
documentation (5.1.2)
downloading (5.2)
indexing (5.2.2)
installing (5.2), (5.2.2)
packages using (5.1)
PageMaker (10)
\pageref (7.4.1)
margins (8.1.1)
page size scaling (4.4)
\pagestyle (8.1.2)
PaintShop Pro (6.5.1)
palatcm (8.2.1)
palatino (8.2.1)
panels
paper sizes
\par (6.3.4), (8.1.1), (9.2)
\paragraph (3.5), (6.2.5)
paralist (4.2.3.6), (5.2.2), (6.2.4)
\parbox (6.7.1), (6.7.2)
parindent (3.6), (6.7.1)
parskip (Introduction), (3.6)
parskip (3.6)
\part (3.5)
\part* (3.5.1)
pbk (8.2.1)
pc (picas)
PCL (Printer Control Language) (6.5)
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (Introduction), (Preface), (10)
pdfLA TEX (2.2), (2.3.3), (3.1.1), (4.1), (4.1.3), (4.3), (5.2.2), (6.5), (6.5.1), (8.2), (8.2.6), (8.3.2), (8.3.3), (10), (10.2.4)
PDF (Portable Document Format) (4.3.3), (Release Info), (Preface), (1.1), (2.3.2), (2.3.3), (2.3.5), (2.6), (3.1), (4.1), (4.1.3), (4.3), (4.3.2), (4.3.3), (4.4), (5.2.2), (6.5), (6.5.1), (6.7), (8.3.2), (10.2.4)
pdftex (8.2.6)
pdftotext (10.2.4)
pdfview (8.3.3)
PDFview (4.1)
\person (9.4)
PFA (PostScript Font ASCII) (8.3.2)
PFAedit (8.3.2)
PFB (PostScript Font Binary) (8.3.2), (8.3.2), (8.3.3)
PhotoShop (6.5.1)
picas
picture (6.4)
pifont (6.2.1)
plain (7.4.2.1), (8.1.2)
plain-text (2)
PNG (Portable Network Graphic) (6.5), (6.5), (6.5.1)
points
PostScript (Release Info), (Preface), (1.1), (2.3.3), (2.3.5), (4.3.2), (4.3.3), (4.4), (6.5.1), (8.2), (8.2.4), (8.2.6), (8.3), (8.3.1), (8.3.2), (8.3.3), (D.2)
sortas:pound
preamble (3.4)
preview
preview-latex (Introduction)
\printindex (7.5)
printing, (4.4)
reverse order (4.4)
selected pages (4.4)
product (Introduction)
\product (8.2.2), (8.2.5), (9.3), (Index)
proTEXt (Introduction), (1.4.1), (2.3.5)
\protect (7.2)
\ProvidesPackage (8.3.2)
PS (PostScript) (10.2.5)
pslatex (8.2.1)
psnup (4.4)
pstops (4.4)
pt (points)
Publisher (10)
pybliographic (7.4.2.3)

#### Q

\qquad (8.1.1)
\quad (2.8.1), (8.1.1)
quotation (7.1)
quotation marks
quote (7.1)

#### R

ragged2e (2.8.5)
\raggedleft (2.8.5)
raggedleft (2.8.5)
\raggedright (2.8.5)
raggedright (2.8.5), (6.7.1), (6.7.2)
Rahtz, Sebastian (1)
\raisebox (9.6.1)
\ref (6.2.5), (7.4.1)
references
\refname (7.4.2.4)
\reindex (9.4)
\renewcommand (3.4), (9.2), (9.6)
report (3.1), (3.5)
RGB (Red-Green-Blue) (8.2.6), (5.1.1), (8.2.6)
\rightmark (8.1.2)
\rmdefault (8.3.2)
Rogue
rotate
RTF (Rich Text Format) (10.1), (10.1), (10.2.1)
rtf2latex2e (10.1), (10.2.1)
RTFM (Read The Fine Manual) (1.2), (8.3.2)
Runaway argument

#### S

\S (7.4.1)
Sathyam, Ujwal (10.1)
Saxon (Introduction), (10.1.1)
Sbox (6.7.3), (9.5)
scale
ScanDisk (1.4)
Schenk, Christian (1)
Scientific Word (Introduction)
\scriptsize (8.2.4)
\scshape (8.2.3)
secnumdepth (Introduction), (3.5.1)
\section (3.5), (3.6)
section (9.6)
section numbering
sections, (3.5)
sectsty (3.5), (8.1.1)
\selectfont (8.2.2), (8.2.3)
\sentinel (9.4)
series (8.2.3)
\setcounter (3.5.1)
\setlength (3.6), (6.7.1)
setspace (8.1.1)
\sfdefault (8.3.2)
\sffamily (8.2.3), (9.2)
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) (10.1), (2.1), (3.1), (10), (10.1)
\shadowbox (6.7.3), (9.5)
shape (8.2.3)
TEXshell (Introduction), (2.1), (2.3)
TEXShop (1.3)
sidebars
\slshape (8.2.3)
\small (7.1), (8.2.4)
\smallskip (8.1.1)
so (2.8.5)
soul (8.1.1)
sp (scaled points)
\space (9.4)
spaceskip (2.8.2)
space, see white-spacewhite-space
spacing, see double-spacingdouble-spacing
spacing, see white-spacewhite-space
special characters
ssection (3.5)
Star Office (10.1)
\subparagraph (3.5), (6.2.5)
\subparagraph* (3.5.1)
\subsection (3.5)
\subsubsection (3.5)
summaries
synchronous typographic interface (Introduction)

#### T

t (6.7.1)
t1binary (8.3.2)
t1utils (8.3.2)
tabcolsep (6.3.3)
table (6.3.2), (6.4)
table* (7.6)
\tableofcontents (2.4), (2.4.1), (3.7), (4.2.1)
adding manual entry (3.7)
table of contents automated entries (3.7)
tables
tabular (6.3.3), (6.3.4), (6.7.1), (6.7.2)
tabular (6.7.2)
tabularx (6.3.3)
TDS ( Directory Structure) (5.2.3), (5.2.2), (8.3)
teTEX (Introduction)
teTEX
TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) (10.2.3)
temporary directory (5.2.1)
term (Introduction)
sortas:tetex
sortas:texcollection
texconfig (1.2)
texhash (5.2.2), (A)
sortas:texlive
sortas:texniccenter
\textbackslash (2.5)
\textbrokenbar (2.9)
\textbullet (6.2.1)
\textcolor (8.2.6)
textcomp (2.5.1)
textcomp (2.9), (6.2.1)
\textdegree (2.9)
\texteuro (2.5.1)
\textit (8.2.5)
\textlangle (2.9)
\textrangle (2.9)
\textsterling (2.5.1)
\texttrademark (9.3)
Textures (Introduction)
\thechapter (9.6)
\theenumi (6.2.6)
\theenumii (6.2.6)
\theenumiii (6.2.6)
\theenumiv (6.2.6)
\theSbox (9.5)
\thinspace (2.6), (8.1.1)
\thispagestyle (8.1.2)
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) (6.5.1)
times (8.2.1)
\tiny (8.2.4)
\title (3.3), (9.2)
\titleof (7.4.2.1)
titlepage (3.1.1)
titles
tkbibtex (7.4.2.3)
tkPaint (6.5.1)
tocdepth (3.5.1), (3.7)
tools
Too many }'s
tracking, see letterspacingletterspacing
tsconfig (2.3.2)
\ttdefault (8.3.2)
\ttfamily (8.2.3)
TUG ( Users Group) (B), (Foreword), (Preface)
twoside (3.1.1)
type1cm (8.2.4)
typesetting
typographics

#### U

ulem (8.2.3)
\uline (8.2.3)
Undefined control sequence
Underfull hbox
units
Unix
up2date (1.2)
updmap (8.3.2)
\upshape (8.2.3)
URI (Uniform Resource Indicator) (6.6.1), (4), (5.3.4), (6.6), (6.6.1), (6.6.2), (10.1.1)
url (6.6.1)
\url (6.6.1), (6.6.2), (7.2), (10.1.1)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) (6.6.1)
\usepackage (3.4), (4.2.3.6), (5.1.1), (7.4.2.4), (8.3.1)

#### V

VTEX (Introduction)
variables (Index)
\vbox (6.7.1)
Velcro (9.3)
\verb (6.6.1), (6.6.2), (7.2)
verbatim (6.6.2)
Verbatim (6.6.2)
verbatim text
vi (1.2)
viewing
Volovich, Vladimir (8.3.3)
\vspace (8.1.1)
\vspace* (8.1.1)

#### W

Wawrykiewicz, Staszek (6.5)
white-space
double-spacing (8.1.1)
hard (2.8.3)
horizontal (8.1.1)
disappearing (8.1.1)
fixed (8.1.1)
flexible (8.1.1)
Windows Update (1.4)
Winedt (2.3.5)
WinEdt (Introduction), (1.1), (1.4.1), (1.4.2), (2.1), (2.3), (2.3.5)
WinShell (Introduction), (1.4.2), (2.1), (2.3)
Word (Introduction), (10.1), (10.2.1), (10.2.4)
WordML2LA TEX (10.1)
WordPerfect (Introduction), (10.1)
white-space (2.4.1)
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) (2.3.1), (Preface), (2.2), (4.3.1)
WYSIWYM (What You See Is What You Mean) (2.3.1)

#### X

xcolor (5.1.1)
xdvi (4.3.1), (4.3.3)
Xemacs (1.4.2)
XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) (10.1)
xkeycaps (2.7)
XML (Extensible Markup Language) (10), (Introduction), (Foreword), (Preface), (2.3.6), (3.1), (6.3), (6.6.1), (10), (10.1), (10.1.1), (10.2.3), (C)
XML Spy (10.1)
xpdf (1.1)
Xpdf (4.1)
XPress (10)
XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language [Transformations]) (10.1), (Release Info), (Revision Info), (Introduction), (10.1), (10.1.1), (C)

#### Y

yum (1.2)

#### Z

Zaurus (Preface)